Skip to main content
Behaviour Change

Research paper: Low carbon lifestyles are supported, but are impacted by ‘narratives of delay’

02 July 2024

Researchers at the centre for Climate Change and Social Transformations (CAST) have found widespread public support for low-carbon lifestyles. In workshops, people explored visions of an ideal 1.5°C future:

  • Food norms are seen to be shifting. While vegan diets are still seen as too restrictive, there is strong support for reducing food waste, and support for the adoption of balanced diets that reduce meat consumption, deliver health co-benefits, and local benefits to farmers.
  • The future of shopping and consumption was seen as going ‘full circle back to the 50s’, with less packaging, long-lasting and affordable, with emissions labelling, and a rise in ‘swapping shops’ and the second-hand market.
  • There is a strong desire for fewer cars on the road, infrastructure to support active travel, and electrification of transport. Frequent flyer taxes are seen acceptable in the short term, but people hoped for more efficient air travel in future.
  • Home refurbishment and better housing standards were almost universally positively received – with government support seen as non-negotiable.

However, common ‘narratives of delay’ also punctuated these positive visions, stemming from what the authors identified as three emotional defense mechanisms:

1) Overconfidence in current actions (thinking that small changes have more impact than they actually do)

2) Defensiveness over radical change (despite many lifestyle changes requiring only moderate adjustments for many)

3) Dejection at the scale of the challenge (with fatalism acting as a demotivator for making lifestyle changes)

The paper concludes that:

“Rethinking strategies for public engagement with climate action will be an essential step towards creating a positive, ambitious, fair, sustainable vision of the future that is desperately needed as part of a people-centred approach to tackling climate change”

Reference article:

  • Source: Global Environmental Change
  • Authors: Catherine Cherry, Caroline Verfuerth, Christina Demski
  • Date: 17th June 2024

The latest from the Behaviour Change timeline:

Opinion Insight 2nd July 2026

Growing popularity of solar panels among UK owner-occupiers, with financial pay-off as the key swaying factor

New data from the spring 2026 wave of the DESNZ Public Attitudes Tracker shows that 1 in 10 owner occupiers have already installed solar panels on their home and a further 57% say they would definitely or probably do so in the next few years. This presents an increase from 52% who said the same in spring 2025 but is still slightly below peak values in spring 2023.

When asked about the main reasons for considering solar, those who were likely to install them listed cutting electricity bills (83%), the renewable nature of the technology (72%) and reduced dependence on the electricity grid (51%).

Among owner occupiers who were unlikely to install solar panels, the main reasons for not considering the technology were the installation being too expensive (55%) and the payback taking too long (53%).

When asked what would encourage them to consider getting solar, 3 in 4 owner-occupiers named better financial support for installation (75%), followed by a guarantee scheme to cover any faults or damage (50%) and better financial incentives to sell excess electricity back to the grid (44%). These three incentives remain unchanged as top 3 since spring 2024, emphasising that the high outlay cost remains the largest barrier for those eligible to install solar on their homes.

  • Source: GOV.UK
  • Author: DESNZ
  • Date: 2nd July 2026
Opinion Insight 2nd July 2026

Uptick in likelihood to install heat pumps among UK owner-occupiers

New data from the spring 2026 wave of the DESNZ Public Attitudes Tracker shows owner-occupiers are now more likely to say they already have or are likely to install a heat pump when they next need to change their heating system or boiler.

26% now say they have either already installed an air source heat pump or are very or fairly likely to install one when their heating system next needs upgrading. This is up 6 percentage points from the winter 2021 baseline and equals the previous peak from spring 2025. Change appears to be largely driven by fewer people saying they don’t know enough about the heating technology, now at 21%, which equals values in spring and summer 2025 but is down from 39% in winter 2021.

The share of owner-occupiers who say they are likely to install a ground source heat pump is lower, though an uptick from summer and winter 2025 is also observable here: 17% say they either already have or are very or fairly likely to install the technology next time their heating system needs upgrading, close to the highest point of 18% from spring 2025.

  • Source: GOV.UK
  • Author: DESNZ
  • Date: 2nd July 2026
Opinion Insight 7th October 2024

New study: Political leaders’ actions can inspire behavioural change

New research has revealed that politicians visibly ‘leading by example’ can substantially increase the willingness of members of the UK public to adopt further low-carbon lifestyle changes.

The study looked at over a thousand people’s responses to the examples of  ‘high-profile individuals’ in a nationally representative survey. It found that the vast majority (86%) wanted to see politicians, celebrities and business leaders setting a good example in terms of their climate actions. Citizens were also more willing to adopt low-carbon actions, such as flying less, eating less meat, or driving an electric car if they saw leaders doing the same. At the same time, people’s overall approval of leaders who were setting a strong example improved.

Despite this, further investigation showed that politicians may currently be reluctant to publicise their personal climate-friendly actions due to fear of criticism for virtue signaling, or hypocrisy.

Together the work suggests that rather than pulling off ‘green stunts’, politicians’ consistency of action over time is crucial, and it can also be beneficial if they acknowledge that some changes may be too difficult or costly for everyone to make (such as buying an electric car or installing a heat pump).

View Behaviour Change timeline now

Add Feedback